Although Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurological disorders, its causes at the level of neuronal mechanisms are still poorly understood. Electrical stimulation has proven to alleviate many symptoms, but how exactly it achieves this, remains a mystery. Arvind Kumar and colleagues at the Bernstein Center Freiburg now provide a unified explanation of how Parkinson’s symptoms arise, how deep-brain stimulation (DBS) can counteract them, and how the method can be improved. Their study appears in the current issue of “Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience”.